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A fountain on Trafalgar Square in sunshine, with the National Gallery and St Martin-in-the-Fields behind.

London

London is a big, varied capital on the Thames, where royal palaces and medieval churches stand next to glass towers. Many of the main museums are free, and every neighbourhood feels like a different town.

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Population
≈ 9,100,000
Language
English
Currency
Pound sterling (GBP)
Time zone
UTC+0
Best time
May – Sep
Nearest airport
LHR, 23 km
Start here

Start in the square: Trafalgar Square

Trafalgar Square, London WC2N 5DU

Trafalgar Square is the city's main meeting point, with Nelson's Column in the middle, four bronze lions and the National Gallery along the north side. From here, Whitehall leads to Parliament and The Mall to Buckingham Palace. Look up at the Fourth Plinth, which shows a changing work of modern art.

Within a short walk

  • National GalleryTrafalgar Square, London WC2N 5DN100 m
  • Houses of ParliamentThe Terrace, London SW1A 0AA1 km
  • Westminster Abbey20 Dean's Yard, London SW1P 3PA1 km
A fountain on Trafalgar Square in sunshine, with the National Gallery and St Martin-in-the-Fields behind.
Accommodation

Where to stay in London

Covent Garden

600 m from Trafalgar Square

Theatres, street performers and the covered market hall, a few minutes' walk from Trafalgar Square. Very central, busy until late and rarely cheap.

Soho

600 m from Trafalgar Square

A dense grid of streets full of restaurants, bars and small venues between Oxford Street and Leicester Square. Ideal for nights out; light sleepers should ask for a quiet room.

South Bank

900 m from Trafalgar Square

The riverside walk south of the Thames, from the London Eye past theatres, galleries and Tate Modern. Good for a first visit, with views back across the water.

South Kensington

3.9 km from Trafalgar Square

Calm, elegant streets around three large museums of nature, science and design, all free to enter. A good choice for families, close to Hyde Park.

Shoreditch

4 km from Trafalgar Square

East London's centre for street art, independent shops, bars and markets, close to the City. Suits visitors who like to eat out and stay out.

Camden Town

3.8 km from Trafalgar Square

North of the centre, known for its markets, music venues and the Regent's Canal. Lively and loud at weekends, with good Underground links.

Experiences

Things to do in London

Museum · 1.3 km from Trafalgar Square

British Museum

Great Russell St, Bloomsbury, London WC1B 3DG

A free museum of world history and culture, home to the Rosetta Stone and the Parthenon sculptures. It is huge, so choose a few rooms, and book a free time slot online in busy periods.

Museum · 100 m from Trafalgar Square

National Gallery

Trafalgar Square, London WC2N 5DN

European painting from the 13th to the early 20th century, from Van Eyck to Van Gogh's Sunflowers, right on Trafalgar Square. Entry to the collection is free.

Landmark · 1 km from Trafalgar Square

Houses of Parliament

The Terrace, London SW1A 0AA

The seat of the UK Parliament on the Thames, with the clock tower of Big Ben at its north end. Guided tours run on Saturdays and during recesses; book ahead.

Church · 1 km from Trafalgar Square

Westminster Abbey

20 Dean's Yard, London SW1P 3PA

The church where English and British monarchs have been crowned since 1066, with the graves of kings, queens, poets and scientists. It is a working church, so check opening times before you go.

Landmark · 1.2 km from Trafalgar Square

Buckingham Palace

London SW1A 1AA

The King's official London home, at the end of The Mall. Watch the Changing of the Guard outside, or visit the State Rooms when they open to the public in summer.

Landmark · 3.6 km from Trafalgar Square

Tower of London

Tower Hill, London EC3N 4AB

A medieval castle on the Thames that has served as royal palace, prison and treasury. The Crown Jewels are kept here; go early to see them before the queue builds.

Landmark · 3.7 km from Trafalgar Square

Tower Bridge

Tower Bridge, London SE1 2LY

The Victorian bridge with two towers next to the Tower of London. Walk across for free, or pay to cross the high walkways, which have glass floors.

Landmark · 2.2 km from Trafalgar Square

St Paul's Cathedral

St Paul's Churchyard, London EC4M 8AD

Christopher Wren's cathedral with its great dome, rebuilt after the Great Fire of 1666. Climb to the Whispering Gallery and the outside galleries for wide views over the City.

Museum · 2 km from Trafalgar Square

Tate Modern

Bankside, London SE1 9TG

Modern and contemporary art in a former power station on the South Bank. The main collection is free, and the top floor of the newer building has a free viewing level.

Park and garden · 2.5 km from Trafalgar Square

Hyde Park

Hyde Park, London W2 2UH

One of the largest parks in central London, with the Serpentine lake, rowing boats in summer and Speakers' Corner in the north-east corner.

Transport

Getting there

London Heathrow Airport (LHR)

Hillingdon TW6 1PZ

23 km from the city centre

London Gatwick Airport (LGW)

Hookwood RH6 0AQ

40 km from the city centre

London Luton Airport (LTN)

Luton LU2 9LY

44 km from the city centre

St Pancras railway station

London N1C 4QL

Main railway station, 2.4 km from Trafalgar Square

Weather

When to go

Average daytime high and night-time low per month (2005–2024). Highlighted months are the most comfortable for sightseeing.

  1. 7°Jan
  2. 8°Feb
  3. 11°Mar
  4. 14°Apr
  5. 17°May
  6. 20°Jun
  7. 23°Jul
  8. 22°Aug
  9. 20°Sep
  10. 16°Oct
  11. 11°Nov
  12. 8°Dec
Monthly climate averages for London
MeasureJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
High °C781114172023222016118
Low °C1234710131210843
Rain mm625451385757576149767372
Rain days141112101111121110141313
Daylight h8.39.911.713.815.616.616.214.612.610.68.87.9
Events

The year in London

The biggest events that come back every year, starting with the next one.

OctoberFilm

London Film Festival

Twelve days of new films from around the world, with premieres in the West End and screenings in cinemas across the city.

AprilSport

London Marathon

One of the largest marathons in the world, from Greenwich past Tower Bridge to The Mall. Crowds line the whole route, and many runners raise money for charity.

MayCulture

Chelsea Flower Show

Five days of show gardens and flower displays at the Royal Hospital Chelsea in late May. Tickets are sold in advance, and the popular days sell out.

JuneCulture

Trooping the Colour

June (a Saturday)

The King's official birthday parade, with hundreds of soldiers and horses on Horse Guards Parade and The Mall, ending with a flypast over Buckingham Palace.

Late June to mid-JulySport

Wimbledon

Tennis has been played on these grass courts in south-west London since 1877. Join the queue on the day for a chance at tickets, or watch on the big screen on the hill.

Late June or early JulyFestival

Pride London

A large parade through the West End, followed by music stages and parties around Trafalgar Square and Soho.

Mid-July to mid-SeptemberMusic

BBC Proms

Eight weeks of daily classical concerts, mainly at the Royal Albert Hall. Cheap standing tickets for the arena are sold on the day.

August bank holiday weekendFestival

Notting Hill Carnival

Europe's largest street festival, with Caribbean music, costumes, sound systems and food on the streets of Notting Hill.

Good to know

Practical information

Currency
Pound sterling (GBP)
1 GBP = 1.19 EUR = 1.33 USD (ECB, 28 October 2026)
Language
English
Plugs
Type G, 230 V
Emergency number
999, 112
Time zone
UTC+0 (summer UTC+1)
Country calling code
+44
Traffic drives on the
Left

Public holidays in the next 12 months

Shops and museums may close or keep Sunday hours on these days.

  • Christmas Day25 Dec 2026
  • Boxing Day28 Dec 2026
  • New Year's Day1 Jan 2027
  • Good Friday26 Mar 2027
  • Easter Monday29 Mar 2027
  • Early May Bank Holiday3 May 2027
  • Spring Bank Holiday31 May 2027
  • Summer Bank Holiday30 Aug 2027
Questions

London FAQ

When is the best time to visit London?

May – Sep, when the average daytime high is between 17 and 23 °C.

Which airport is closest to London?

London Heathrow Airport (LHR), about 23 km from the city centre.

What currency is used in London?

The pound sterling (GBP).

What plugs are used in London?

Type G, 230 V.

What are the biggest yearly events in London?

London Film Festival (October), London Marathon (April), Chelsea Flower Show (May), Trooping the Colour (June), Wimbledon (Late June to mid-July), Pride London (Late June or early July), BBC Proms (Mid-July to mid-September), Notting Hill Carnival (August bank holiday weekend).

England · 83 kmOxfordPopulation ≈ 160,000
England · 79 kmCambridgePopulation ≈ 150,000
England · 112 kmSouthamptonPopulation ≈ 270,000
England · 143 kmLeicesterPopulation ≈ 370,000

Last updated 29 October 2026. Spotted something out of date? Let us know.